The OSCAR Book Companion
The OSCAR Book Companion
The interested reader can find more information in this article.
using Pkg
Pkg.add(name="MixedSubdivisions", version="1.1"; io=devnull)
import LibGit2
repo = LibGit2.clone("https://github.com/isaacholt100/generic_root_count", "generic_root_count");
LibGit2.checkout!(repo, "ac17f42d0897d72e378310826b1c47db4d65df36");
julia> T = tropical_semiring()
Min tropical semiring
julia> T(1)+T(2), T(1)*T(2), zero(T), one(T)
((1), (3), infty, (0))
julia> T = tropical_semiring(max)
Max tropical semiring
julia> T(1)+T(2), T(1)*T(2), zero(T), one(T)
((2), (3), -infty, (0))
julia> T = tropical_semiring()
Min tropical semiring
julia> M = matrix(T,[0 1; 2 3])
[(0) (1)]
[(2) (3)]
julia> v = T.([-1,-1])
2-element Vector{TropicalSemiringElem{typeof(min)}}:
(-1)
(-1)
julia> M^2*v
2-element Vector{TropicalSemiringElem{typeof(min)}}:
(-1)
(1)
julia> R,(x,y) = T["x","y"];
julia> f = 1*x^2+2*y^2+0
(1)*x^2 + (2)*y^2 + (0)
julia> f^2+2*f
(2)*x^4 + (3)*x^2*y^2 + (4)*y^4 + (1)*x^2 + (2)*y^2 + (0)
julia> evaluate(f,T.([1,1]))
(0)
julia> T = tropical_semiring()
Min tropical semiring
julia> M = matrix(T,[0 1; 2 3])
[(0) (1)]
[(2) (3)]
julia> det(M)
(3)
julia> nu = tropical_semiring_map(GF(3))
Map into Min tropical semiring encoding the trivial valuation on Prime field of characteristic 3
julia> nu.([0,1,2])
3-element Vector{TropicalSemiringElem{typeof(min)}}:
infty
(0)
(0)
julia> nu = tropical_semiring_map(QQ,3,max)
Map into Max tropical semiring encoding the 3-adic valuation on Rational field
julia> nu.([1//3,1,3])
3-element Vector{TropicalSemiringElem{typeof(max)}}:
(1)
(0)
(-1)
julia> Ft,t = rational_function_field(GF(3),"t")
(Rational function field over GF(3), t)
julia> nu = tropical_semiring_map(Ft,t,max)
Map into Max tropical semiring encoding the t-adic valuation on Rational function field over GF(3)
julia> nu.([t^(-1),1,t])
3-element Vector{TropicalSemiringElem{typeof(max)}}:
(1)
(0)
(-1)
julia> R,(x1,x2,x3,x4) = QQ["x1","x2","x3","x4"];
julia> I = ideal([x1+2*x2-3*x3, 3*x2-4*x3+5*x4]);
julia> nu_2 = tropical_semiring_map(QQ,2);
julia> GBI = groebner_basis(I,nu_2,[0,0,0,0])
2-element Vector{QQMPolyRingElem}:
3*x1 - x3 - 10*x4
3*x2 - 4*x3 + 5*x4
julia> inI = initial(I,nu_2,[0,0,0,0])
Ideal generated by
x1 + x3
x2 + x4
julia> GBI = groebner_basis(I,nu_2,[1,0,0,1])
2-element Vector{QQMPolyRingElem}:
3*x2 - 4*x3 + 5*x4
-3*x1 + x3 + 10*x4
julia> inI = initial(I,nu_2,[1,0,0,1])
Ideal generated by
x2
x3
julia> coefficient_ring(inI)
Prime field of characteristic 2
julia> K,t = rational_function_field(GF(101),"t");
julia> nu = tropical_semiring_map(K,t);
julia> R,(x,y,z) = K["x","y","z"];
julia> I = intersect(ideal([x+y+z+1,2*x+11*y+23*z+31]),
ideal([t^3*x*y*z-1]));
julia> TropV = tropical_variety(I,nu)
2-element Vector{TropicalVariety}:
Min tropical variety
Min tropical variety
julia> dim.(TropV)
2-element Vector{Int64}:
2
1
julia> K,t = rational_function_field(QQ,"t");
julia> nu = tropical_semiring_map(K,t,max);
julia> R,(x,y) = K["x","y"];
julia> f = t^3+x+t^2*y+x*(x^2+y^2)
x^3 + x*y^2 + x + t^2*y + t^3
julia> TropH = tropical_hypersurface(f,nu)
Max tropical hypersurface
julia> vertices_and_rays(TropH) # 1,2,3 are vertices, rest are rays
7-element SubObjectIterator{Union{PointVector{QQFieldElem}, RayVector{QQFieldElem}}}:
[0, -1]
[-2, 0]
[-3, -1]
[0, 0]
[1, 1]
[-1, 1]
[-1, 0]
julia> maximal_polyhedra(IncidenceMatrix,TropH)
7×7 IncidenceMatrix
[4, 5]
[1, 4]
[2, 4]
[2, 6]
[2, 3]
[1, 3]
[3, 7]
julia> tropf = tropical_polynomial(f,nu)
x^3 + x*y^2 + x + (-2)*y + (-3)
julia> tropical_hypersurface(tropf)
Max tropical hypersurface
julia> points = matrix(ZZ,collect(exponents(tropf)))
[3 0]
[1 2]
[1 0]
[0 1]
[0 0]
julia> heights = QQ.(collect(coefficients(tropf)))
5-element Vector{QQFieldElem}:
0
0
0
-2
-3
julia> Delta = subdivision_of_points(points,heights)
Subdivision of points in ambient dimension 2
julia> tropical_hypersurface(Delta,max)
Max tropical hypersurface
julia> R,(w,x,y,z) = QQ["w","x","y","z"];
julia> nu = tropical_semiring_map(QQ);
julia> I = ideal([w+x+y+z,w+2*x+5*y+11*z]);
julia> TropL = tropical_linear_space(I,nu)
Min tropical linear space
julia> vertices_and_rays(TropL)
5-element SubObjectIterator{Union{PointVector{QQFieldElem}, RayVector{QQFieldElem}}}:
[0, 1, 0, 0]
[0, -1, -1, -1]
[0, 0, 1, 0]
[0, 0, 0, 1]
[0, 0, 0, 0]
julia> maximal_polyhedra(IncidenceMatrix,TropL)
4×5 IncidenceMatrix
[1, 5]
[2, 5]
[3, 5]
[4, 5]
julia> A = matrix(QQ,[1 1 1 0; 1 1 0 1])
[1 1 1 0]
[1 1 0 1]
julia> TropL1 = tropical_linear_space(A, nu) # not Stiefel
Min tropical linear space
julia> tropA = nu.(A)
[(0) (0) (0) infty]
[(0) (0) infty (0)]
julia> TropL2 = tropical_linear_space(tropA) # not equal TropL1
Min tropical linear space
julia> plueckerIndices = [[1,2],[1,3],[1,4],[2,3],[2,4],[3,4]];
julia> algebraicPlueckerVector = [0,-1,-1,1,1,1];
julia> TropL1 = tropical_linear_space(plueckerIndices,
algebraicPlueckerVector,
nu)
Min tropical linear space
julia> tropicalPlueckerVector = nu.(algebraicPlueckerVector);
julia> TropL2 = tropical_linear_space(plueckerIndices,
tropicalPlueckerVector)
Min tropical linear space
julia> R,(x,y) = QQ["x","y"];
julia> nu = tropical_semiring_map(QQ);
julia> f = 1+x+y+x*(x^2+y^2);
julia> TropH = tropical_hypersurface(f,nu)
Min tropical hypersurface
julia> TropC = tropical_curve(TropH)
Embedded min tropical curve
julia> G = dualgraph(cube(3))
Undirected graph with 6 nodes and the following edges:
(3, 1)(3, 2)(4, 1)(4, 2)(5, 1)(5, 2)(5, 3)(5, 4)(6, 1)(6, 2)(6, 3)(6, 4)
julia> tropical_curve(G)
Abstract min tropical curve
julia> K,t = rational_function_field(QQ,"t");
julia> nu = tropical_semiring_map(K,t,max);
julia> R,(x,y) = K["x","y"];
julia> f = t^3+x+t^2*y+x*(x^2+y^2)
x^3 + x*y^2 + x + t^2*y + t^3
julia> g = t^4+t^4*x+t^2*y+y*(x^2+y^2)
x^2*y + t^4*x + y^3 + t^2*y + t^4
julia> TropHf = tropical_hypersurface(f,nu)
Max tropical hypersurface
julia> TropHg = tropical_hypersurface(g,nu)
Max tropical hypersurface
julia> TropV = stable_intersection(TropHf,TropHg)
Max tropical variety
julia> vertices(TropV)
4-element SubObjectIterator{PointVector{QQFieldElem}}:
[0, 0]
[0, -4]
[-3, -1]
[-3, -2]
julia> multiplicities(TropV) # same ordering as above
4-element Vector{ZZRingElem}:
4
2
2
1
julia> include("generic_root_count/src/main.jl")
julia> A,(a0,a1,a2,a3,a4,b0,b1,b2,b3,b4) = QQ["a0","a1","a2","a3","a4","b0","b1","b2","b3","b4"];
julia> R,(u,v) = A["u","v"];
julia> f = a0+a1*u+a2*v+a3*u*(u^2+v^2)+a4*u*(u^2+v^2)^2;
julia> g = b0+b1*u+b2*v+b3*v*(u^2+v^2)+b4*v*(u^2+v^2)^2;
julia> generic_root_count([f,g])
9